3 results
Proinflammatory biomarkers are associated with prediabetes in patients with schizophrenia
- Marco Møller, Simon Fredholm, Mathias E. Jensen, Gitta Wörtwein, Julie R. Larsen, Tina Vilsbøll, Niels Ødum, Anders Fink-Jensen
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- Journal:
- CNS Spectrums / Volume 27 / Issue 3 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 December 2020, pp. 347-354
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Background
Treatment with antipsychotics is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers are present in patients with T2D. We previously demonstrated that the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide significantly reduced glucometabolic disturbances and body weight in prediabetic, overweight/obese schizophrenia-spectrum disorder patients treated with clozapine or olanzapine. This study aims to assess the involvement of cytokines in the therapeutic effects of liraglutide.
MethodsSerum concentrations of 10 cytokines (interferon-γ [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-13) from fasting prediabetic and normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders were measured using multiplexed immunoassays. Prediabetic patients were randomized to 16 weeks of treatment with liraglutide or placebo, and cytokines were measured again at the end of the treatment.
ResultsIFN-γ (1.98 vs 1.17 pg/ml, P = .001), IL-4 (0.02 vs 0.01 pg/ml, P < .001), and IL-6 (0.73 vs 0.46 pg/ml, P < .001) were significantly higher in prediabetic (n = 77) vs NGT patients (n = 31). No significant changes in cytokine levels following treatment with liraglutide (n = 37) vs placebo (n = 40) were found.
ConclusionPrediabetic vs NGT patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine or olanzapine had increased serum levels of several proinflammatory cytokines, further substantiating the link between inflammation and T2D. Treatment with liraglutide did not affect the investigated cytokines. Further testing of these findings in larger numbers of individuals is needed.
Experimental reconstruction of extreme sea waves by time reversal principle
- Guillaume Ducrozet, Félicien Bonnefoy, Nobuhito Mori, Mathias Fink, Amin Chabchoub
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 884 / 10 February 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 December 2019, A20
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We report an experimental study of the reconstruction of real-ocean rogue waves in a laboratory environment using the time reversal (TR) methodology (Chabchoub & Fink, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 112, 2014, 124101). Three different rogue wave measurements are used to validate the TR approach. The generation and accurate control of target free-surface profiles in a unidirectional wave flume using standard techniques, such as the New Wave theory (Tromans, Anaturk & Hagemeier, Proceedings of the First International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, 1991, pp. 64–71), are fairly challenging, especially for very steep and, thus, highly nonlinear extreme waves. The TR method, making use of the time reversibility of wave propagation and symmetry of the governing hydrodynamic equations of motion, leads to a simple two-step experimental procedure, the accuracy of which is investigated in this paper. The use of the TR procedure requires the appropriate Froude scaling in designing the model-scale experiments. The present study represents the first validation of the TR method to realistic irregular seas containing rogue waves. Three extreme wave profiles are tested to assess the applicability of the TR scheme to different wave configurations taking into account variable characteristics. This includes the famed New Year wave. The accuracy of the TR method is demonstrated with varying wave steepness values and propagation distances of the reverse reconstruction. It is demonstrated that the unidirectional TR reconstruction is robust, even in the presence of unavoidable wave breaking, known to be an irreversible process within the framework of any wave hydrodynamic evolution equation, and independently of complex environmental conditions or focusing mechanism at play in the sea.
10 - Time-Reversed Waves in Complex Media
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- By Mathias Fink, Laboratoire Ondes et Acoustique, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielle de la Ville de Paris, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- Edited by Matthew Wright, University of Southampton, Richard Weaver, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
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- Book:
- New Directions in Linear Acoustics and Vibration
- Published online:
- 05 October 2010
- Print publication:
- 26 July 2010, pp 146-168
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Summary
Time-reversal invariance is a very powerful concept in classical and quantum mechanics. In the field of classical waves (acoustics and electromagnetism), where timereversal invariance also occurs, time-reversal mirrors (TRMs) may be made simply with arrays of transmit–receive antennae, allowing an incident broadband wave field to be sampled, recorded, time-reversed, and re-emitted.
TRMs refocus an incident wave field to the position of the original source regardless of the complexity of the propagation medium. TRMs have now been implemented in a variety of physical scenarios from gigahertz microwaves to megahertz ultrasonics and to hundreds of hertz in ocean acoustics. Common to this broad range of scales is a remarkable robustness exemplified by observations at all scales that the more complex the medium (random or chaotic), the sharper the focus. A TRM acts as an antenna that uses complex environments to appear wider than it is, resulting, for a broadband pulse, in a refocusing quality that does not depend on the TRM aperture.
TRMs open the way to new methods for signal processing in imaging, detection, and telecommunications. TRMs have applications in ultrasonic therapy, medical imaging, non-destructive testing, telecommunications, underwater acoustics, seismology, sound control, and even home automation.
Introduction
The evolution of electronic components enables today the building of TRMs that make a wave relive the steps of its past life. These systems exploit the fact that in a majority of cases the propagation of acoustic and electromagnetic waves is a reversible process.